Apparatus for manufacturing cement.



'No.slf/yles.

C. ELLIS.

A APPARATUS FOR MANUFACTURING CEMENT.

l APPLmATIoN FILED 1123.3. 1905.

PATENTED APR. l0, 1906.

nnirnn oraria@ PATENT QFFCE-i cantaron entre, or una Yonir. N. Y., Assienon ro ooMBus'rron I n'rILIrIns ooMPAnY, or New YORK. N. Y.. A CORPORATION or New Yoan.

annanarua non dunner-'Actualite ien wlenr.

Bpecication of Letters Patent. appieno mai ramry a 196B. anni no. 244,027.5

To all tch/ont it may concern.- Be it known that l, Cameron ELLIS, a citizen of the United States, and a resident 'of New York city, in the aounty of New York' Iand State of New York, have invented cef;

tain new and luseful lmprovernents-in p pa- W ch ratus for Manufacturing-Cement, .of

the following is a specification.

rlhis inventipn relates to theburning of cement by means of producer-gas.

Methods embodying-the use of producen gas as aifuelhave been tried from time"` to tinie,'biit have proved unsuccessful. Poivment. required for lcoal and the complicated system needed for handling and delivering this fuel to the kilns,

dered fuel in spite of its many disadvantages. has been found the only satisfactory fuel 4`up.

tothe present time for burning cement in rotary kilns.

dlying an grinding t e fluctuations in the quality of the gas, to-

gether with the trouble lattendant'upon the clinkering and stopping of the producer,have

made cementburning ythis method appear far from promising.

In order to .burn cement by gas, l have' found that it is necessary that the gas be of uniform quality and be supplied to the pro ducer in a regular unvarying stream. l have also found that in order to get a desirable output of cementfrom the kiln the air requisite for-the combustion of the gas should be heated before entering the kiln.

yl have found stcain-o eratcd producers to be unsatisfactory for tliis purpose, .for the reason that inherently they cannot produce gas of uniform quality nor of uniform volurne. The effect of these fluctuations in the gas is to cause the kiln to Work erratically. lf there be a temporary slight reduction in the temperature of a rotary cementdriln, due

to changes in the quantity or quality of fuel, the lriln receives a setback, from which it. re-` covere very Slowly; If, finally, through the .Thelarcreand ex ensive equi -I riod of time the'kiln is restored to its former good Working "condition, 4it is found with a "steam-operated producer that such a condif xjatonted 10,

application of goodgas for a 'considerablepe `tion is only transient,` .fo1 fluctuations in the ,gas are liable to occur at Sanytiine, and the setback Vso received tends to maintain the kiln in poor working condition for the greater part of the time.l

It is the object of this invention to provide a gas-producer and other Aaccessories for the burning of cement whichdo 'away With the disadvantages above mentioned. For this purpose l preferably use the gasgenerating s stem describedin the copending applications Serial Nos. 228,915 and 233,800 with this modification, naniely,.that with the abnormal amount of carbon dioXid obtainable in a combined combustion calcination process vof, :this character it is ossible to introduce air slightly reheated into the producerblast. The pro uctsof combustion'used in the temperature lregulation of the producer are considerably cooled through the contact with the cold entering raw material in the upper part of the kiln. Furthermore, they,

, contain an unusually largo amount of carbon dioxid, and'these tWo factors together-permit of a regulation of the'` producer temperature and of the consequent production 'of uniform I as.

g I Aiind that the gas obtained from this producer is dry--that is to vsay,`the as contains little or no free steam or steamorming elements-and I find this anhydrous condition' of the gas to be desirable for the burning of cement. The gas-producer is operated and regulated throu combustion an decom osition taken from the `stack or feed end of t e kiln and returned by means of a fan or othermochanical draft appliance to the lower part of the gas-producer. passa e of carbon dioXid and oxygen containe in this gaseous mixture through the h the agency of 'products of v The combustible gas formed by the i bed of fuel is delivered -to the cernent-kilrv IDO AIo

through insulated pipes or underground conduits back to the discharge end of the kiln. ln the hot clinker itself'there is an appreciable amount ci heat, Which is capable of utilization, and Where the arrangementol vthe plant 'is such that this is feasible I draw a portion-of the air necessary for combustion through or over the hot clinkor as it discharges from the kiln or after it has been deposited in the cooling device employed, and thus preheat the air to some extent in this manner.V Another method `of preheating the air is to employ a stove at the discharge end 'of the kiln near the gas-producer and to carry a slow coal iire in saidstove, whereby the air which is drawn throu h is heated to the proper de ree Jfor developing rapid and intense com ustion in the'kiln.

When the percentage of carbon dioxid arising from combustion and from decomposition of carbonate of lime rrns high in the stack-gases, it is possible to introduce the products of combustion into the gas-producer Without previously cooling these entering gases other than that cooling to which they have been subjected in the upper ptrtion ci the kiln, audit is even, in fact, under these conditions possible to mix with the products of combustion a certain amotnt of air preheated by any of the methods heroinbefore described.

To effect the proper utilization of the heat in the Waste gases, 1t is sometimes desirable, especially in case the rotary kilns employed 'are of considerable length, to alternate their relative positions and to thus have'a stack oipne kiln alongside of the clinker-discharge end of anadjoining kiln. it Ais thrs practicable to make use of the heat in the stack@ gas through thea-1d of a continuous recuperi ator or a regenerator of any suitable type. The nearness ci the stack of one kiln to the discharge end of the other, and conse-4 quently to the gasproducer operating the latter, makes it possible to immediately utilize the sensible heat imparted to the air While passing through .the recuperator and to thus lose very little of its sensible heat.

, Unless this arrangementI be employed, there is a considerable loss ci heat in the transmission of air, preheated at the stack, through a long pipe or conduit to the clinker-dischar e end of the kiln. Such an alternation in t e relative positions of the individual kilnsah lows ci one-half of the coolers and'gasfprcducers to be installed at one end 'of the rotaryvkiln battery, the remainder to be placed at or discharge end 'of kilns 1 and 1, into which the clinker discharges through the opening 35 and 35. y

l and Ll' `are gas-producers of any suitable typeV discharging their gaseous combustible through conduits 5 and 5 into the lower part of their respective kilns. c A gate (shown at 6 and 6') is Aa desirablejaddition to these conduits as a means for regulating the flow of the gas. The upper ends of the kilns are covered by the housings 7 and 7. In these-housings and stacks are located a series of pipes' 3 and 8', through which cold air is drawn, and thereby heated by the Waste products of combustion passing around aforesaid pipes. 9 and 9 are conveyers for deliverin the raw materialto theupper part of the'v ln. Pipes 10 and 10 are connected with the stoves 8 and 8 and With the fan 11.- Adjustable gates are shown at 12 and 12. The fan 11 is used for iorcingl air through the preheating-pipes 3 and 8. Pipes 14 and 1/1 enter the stacks at 13 and 13 and are connected to the ian 16 and 1.6, respectively, said pipes having adjustable valves 15 and 15.. The fans 16 and 16 dra-W products of combustion from stacks 2 and 2 and deliver these gases to the proi ducer 4 and 4 at 19 and 19 through pipes 17 and 17. i Gates 18 and 18 regulate the flow of gases. which are shown diagram-matically in the drawin s, as their construction need be of no particu ar design, and almost anyorm of preof pipes 30 or 30 to the fan 16 to 16', respec,

tively, and regulation maybe made by means ofthe valves 31 and 31. A. connect-ion with 32', respectively, also pipes-33 and 33, eX- tending therefrom to the ian 16 and 16, whereby air may be drawn over the clinker as it is discharged from the kiln, and the air may thus to some extent be heated 'preparatory to its passage to the gas-producers or directly to the kin itself, although connes purpose. if heated air from this source is made {rom-32 and 32 to the su'ction-inletvoi fan 11. Gn the gas-producers 4 and 4 are shown the steam-blovvers 36 and 36", by means of which. the producer may be operated hy a steam-jet when through accident or otherwise the fans are disabled or when for'some cause sulicient carbon dioxid cannot obtained from the gases ci' the. stack 20 and 20 are heating-stoves,

heating-stove now known vto the art maybe tions in this drawing are not shown for the the clinker-pits 3 and 3 is shown at 32 and IIS desired at 27 and 27, connections may be Y Means for rotating the kilns 1 and l are shown at 37 and 37', respectively.

My method of operation is as follows: 'llie 4 calcareous or cenient-l`orming material is delivered by the feeding devices t.) and 9 tothe upper ends ol' the kilns l and l. and by the rotation given to the kiln by the power applied at 37 and 37 the material is caused to niove slowly down the length ol" they kilns and to come in contact with the flame produced by the vcombustion ol' the gas in the lower Part ol the kiln. rlhe cement so formed discharges 'at the lower end of the kiln into a clinker pit or cooler or any other receptacle, such as is shown at 3 and', l'rom which it may be taken by means ol elevator to storage-bi11s or elsewhere. 'lhc lian ll draws in fresh air and impels it through pipes l() and to the stack-heating stoves H and S', and

vand suc this air after traversing the various pipes ot' aforesaid 4stoves becomes highly heated and passes through the tpipe 21 and 21 and through pipes 26 and 26 'to the lower part of the kilns 1 and l', respectively. 'll" the degrec of heat obtained bypassing through the stack-heating stoves is not sufiicient to give. the desired intensity of combustion needed to produce the proper clinkering temperature in the kiln, 'a slow tire maybe started in stoves 20 and 20" in order that the air may be prel heated still more, and the. intensity ofthe fire'carried in aforesaid stoves 2() and 20 will determi ne the temperature of the kiln. When the stoves 2() and 20 are in o eration, pipes 30 and 30 serve to carry oli tiie waste rod ucts of combustion therefrom, altliougi the connections shown arenot essential to this apparatus and the products of combustion froin aforesaid stoves may be conducted to any convenient chimney for disposal. Products of combustion derived from the stack at 13 and 13 are carriedby the fans 16 and 16- to the iasproducers 4 and 4, respectively,

air as is necessary to maintain combustion in the gas-producers is' supplied, prel erably, from the clinker-pit through pipes alid 33. ,As the temperature ofthe producer is a function not onlyoi'i the temperature of the entering gaseous niixture,'but also of its percentage of oxygen and carbon dioxid, it is necessary to carefully 4adjust Lthel gates or valves 18, 18,31,31,34,34, 15, and i5,in so far as these may be in use, in order to maintain the combustion of the producer at an effective operating temperature without causing serious troubles and stoppages throu h the formation ot' clinker. The combustib e gas from 4 and 4 passes through a large conduit 5` and 5 and mixeswith the heated air delivered at 27 and 27. A anie of reat celoritic value and having owerful ra iant and heatfreverberating ua ities is formed at this4 point and fills the ki n with a long flame having unusual clinkering and` calcination properties. 'lhe cement is in this manner easily and cheaply burned. Y

The various means b v which this invention can be -carried out will be obvious to one skilled in the art. i have diagramniatically indicated well-known l'eatures ol' construction organized into an apparatus or plant adapted l'or the practice ol' mv invention. 'I

' do not limit myseltl to the particular mode ol application as herein described, as it is obvi ous that dill'ei'ent airangements of the piping, llues, and valves and oll the preheating devices may be made Awithout departing from' the scope ol'Y this invention. What l. claim is- 1. A celnent-inaking apparatus coni-prising a gas-tired kiln, a"gas-producer, a valved pipe connection discharging waste Mln-gases into the producer in controlled amount, means l'or introducing controlled amounts ol' air into said pipe connection, a heating-stove,

means l'or returningand burning in the kiln.

the gas produced in the producer, and means for feeding to the burning means air heated by waste kiln heat and lurther heated bythe stove.

2. A ceinent-making apparatus comprisn ing a gas-tired kiln, a gas-producer, a valved pipe connection discharging waste 'kiln-gases into the producer in controlled amounts," `means l'or introducing regulated amounts ol air into said pipe connectiomaheating-stove,

means lo'ialso introducing a regulated amount of products oi combustion l'roni the stove into the pipe connection, means for returning and burning in the kiln the gas produced in the producer, and means for feeding to the burning means air heated by vaste kiln heat 'and also further heated by the stove.

3. A cement-making apparatus comprising a kiln, a chi mney-stack, a gas-producer, a valved pipe connectionv between stack and producer discharging stack waste gases into the producer in controlled amounts, means for introducing regulated amounts ol air into said pipe connection, means l'or returiiing and burning in the kiln the gas produced in the producer, an aireheater in the stack, and

-Ineans for feeding to the burning means air heated in said heater.

4. A cement-making apparatus compris 1nor a kiln, a chimney-stack, a gas-producer, a

'va ved pipe connection between stack and producer discharging stack waste gases into the producer 1n controlled amount, means for introducing regulated amounts ol air into said pipe connection, means Alor returningI and burning in the kiln the gas produced in the.. reducer, a heating-stove, an airhiaiter in t 1e stack and means for feeding to the burning means air heated in the stack-heater and further heated in the stove.

5. A cement-making apparatus comprising a kiln, a chimney-stack, a gas-producer, a

valved pipe connection between the stack and producer discharging stack waste gases mtothe producer 1n controlled amount,

' means for introducing regulated amounts of air into said pipe connection, means for returning and burning in the kiln the gas produce in the produceryv a heating-stove,

means for also introducing products of coinbustion from said stove into the pipe connection, an air-heater in the stack, and means for feeding to the burningineans air heated in the stack-heater and further heated in the.

stove.' y x.

6. A cement-making apparatus compris in a pair of inclined rotary kilns arranged si e by side with the higher end of the one opposite the lower end oi the other, a gas-pio ducer for each kiln,l valved pipe connections for feeding the waste ases of one kiln into theproducer of the oter kiln in controlled amounts, mechanical means for creating a How through each pipe connection, means for introducing cont-rolled amounts of air into each pipe connection, and means for reof waste gases from each stack into the opposite producer, means for introducing regulated amounts of air into each pipe connection, means for returning and burning in-each kiln the gas produced in its producer, and an Vair-heater in each stack delivering heated air to assist in the combustionof gas in the opposite kiln.

8. A cement-making apparatus comprisin a pair of inclined rotary kilns arranged side by side with the higher end of the one opposite the lower end o? the other, a gas-producer at the lower end of each kiln, a chimneystack at the higher end ci each kiln, pipe connections tor introducin controlled amounts of waste gases Jfrom eac stack into ythe opposite producer, means for introducing reguA lated amounts of air into each pipe connection, means for 'returning an'dburnmg in each kiln the reduced in its producer, an aire heater in eacih stack, a heating-stove for each kiln, means for conveying the air heated in each stack through a stove and thence `to the opposite kiln to assist in burning the gas, and fmeans for introducing regulated amounts of the products of combustion from the stoves into the pipe connections. Signedat 4Blew York city, in the county of New- York and State of New York, this 1st dayofiebruaryl, A. D. 1905.

l cARLEToN ELLis.y

l Witnesses:

M. F. MANGELsDoRFF,

WARREN E. DIXON. 

